The most famous ancient civilizations

 

Civilization

   What does civilization mean? In fact, the question is simple, but it contains many years of achievements and developments. Indeed, the answer carries the entire human history between its lines.

   Civilization is urbanization and the transition of people from a simple primitive life to an urban life, and instead of what the ancient man used to roam the déserts and mountains, he became part From a society that has customs, traditions, etiquette and arts, and rather is witnessing a great development in the fields of architecture and science, where there are laws linking members of society and governing the relationship between them, instead of caves, he has a home, and instead of the open désert, there is a home-land.

  This civilized scenario began to appear since 3000 BC, when various civilizations expansions appeared in various parts of the earth, whether in Asia, Africa, or Europe, and they left architectural evidence existing so far that tells of their existence and the form of life in their time.

The Most Famous Ancient Civilizations

1 Kingdom of Kush;

 This kingdom existed in Nuba “Soudan” both in the upper and lower regions of it and also around the banks of the Nile from 1070 BC to 350 AD. The ancient inhabitants of Kush were called the Pharaohs of the South due to their sharing with the pharaohs in many customs And the rituals where they were building the pyramids and burying their dead there, in addition to that they worshiped some gods similar to the ancient Egyptian gods such as Amun. And 4 BC, the empire expanded to the Mediterranean in the north, and the depths of Africa to the south. And you can imagine that the kings of Kush entered into the rule of ancient Egypt for a century and a half, and they are the kings in the family 25 of the rulers of the pharaohs, and they built more than 240 pyramids in their capital and a large number of temples, the most famous of which is the temple of the lion god Ibdamak 

2 Inca civilization;

 The Incas are the largest empire established in North America before the Columbian era and before the European encroachment into North and South America, and it lasted from 1100 AD until 1532 AD. Ecuador, Peru and part of Chile and Argentina, although the time period of the Inca civilization is rather short, they astonished the world with their achievements and the cultural heritage they left, as some describe them as a people coming from space.

 During the period of their presence, the Incas built a wide and very strange road network in order to connect the parts of the kingdom to each other and erected bridges over water bodies to facilitate movement, and built pyramids and terraces and they were transporting huge rocks from the mountains towards the cities in an incomprehensible way and built their capital, the city of Cusco on An altitude of more than 11,000 feet above sea level, in addition to their professions of agriculture and industry, and the strange thing is that Cusco towns still exist to this day.

3 Mayan Civilization;

 It flourished in Central America from the year 2600 BC, and the most striking thing about them is that they invented a strange calendar in which they determined that the beginning of the creation of the universe was on August 11, 3114 BC, and they expected that the end of the world would be on December 21, 2012, but of course the day passed peacefully.

 The Mayan civilization took a rapid decline in establishment and prosperity, as the number of its citizens reached more than 19 million people and they are considered one of the most educated peoples, whether in the ancient world or even for our modern world. From all this, however, civilization collapsed suddenly during the 8th and 9th centuries, to the extent that all historians questioned about the secret of their sudden disappearance.

4 Chinese Civilization;

 It is considered one of the longest civilizations witnessed by mankind, and the rest of it existed and preserved its entity until 1912. The Chinese civilization appeared on both sides of the Yellow River, and from the moment of its emergence it left a distinctive imprint in the civilizational progress that included architecture, military, industrial and agricultural strength, and left achievements As huge as the Great Wall of China, the oldest written records in the history of China date back to 1250 BC during the Shang Dynasty, but the emergence of Chinese civilization dates back to a longer period of time, specifically in 2070 BC, but it was eras that lacked writing and codification, and since then, successive Ruling dynasties through the ages until the end of the Qing dynasty, which ended due to the revolution that appeared in October 1911 and led to the end of 4000 years of continuous Chinese civilization.

5 Rome Civilization;

 Ancient Rome is a civilization that emerged from an agricultural community that arose in the Italian peninsula in the middle of the 8th century BC, and the Roman state was adjacent to Greece, which was known for its superiority in various fields. The Romans because they provided them with heritage, science and religious beliefs in addition to the civilized mixture in literature and culture, and from here was the real launch of the Roman civilization, which spanned 15 centuries and became one of the largest empires of the ancient world, and Rome controlled all parts of Europe and Greece and Egypt, Syria and the Mediterranean basin through military conquest, but began to fade gradually before the armies of the Islamic empire until the fall of Constantinople at the hands of the Ottoman Empire on May 20, 1453.

6 Egyptian Civilization;

 It is a civilization that extended from 3150 BC until the year 50 AD, and the process of the Pharaonic civilization on the lands extending from the coast of the Mediterranean in the north to Aswan in the south and from the Sinai Peninsula in the east to an Siwa oasis in the west, and the textile industry and or Siraq papyrus and occupation of agriculture, especially in the Nile Basin region.

  Throughout its ages, the Egyptian civilization witnessed great urban progress and was famous for its engineering, medicine and chemistry, and it was ruled by a large number of families who used to follow a set of worship, some of which were based on the multiplicity of gods and sun worship and others were based on monotheism, and in the end civilization provided us The Egyptians have unrivaled historical imprints, the pyramids that still exist today, the mummification, the solar calendar and the hieroglyphic language. They are all achievements that speak out loud, telling us that there was a great civilization once upon a time, and that it was able to achieve achievements that are difficult for our current society to achieve some of or even to solve its secret.